Implications of intra-family and external ownership transfer of family firms: short-term and long-term performance differences
Wennberg, K., Wiklund, J., Hellerstedt, K., & Nordqvist, M. (2011)
Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(4), 352-372
All private family firms in Sweden that underwent ownership transfer over a 10-year window. Firms transferred to external owners outperform those transferred within the family, but survival is higher for intra-family transfers. The authors attribute this to long-term orientation of heirs versus "the entrepreneurial willingness of acquirers to bear uncertainty".
Sourcedoi:10.1002/sej.118176 citations (OpenAlex)